Have you ever faced such a situation: entering a room and looking at it, you realize that something in it is missing? It seems that everything is good and even excellent – and color, and style, and decor, and furniture … But there is no personality, there is something that would catch the eye, attracted attention. Graphic design in the interior of this room is … absent.

The designers say: “Your interior is lacking graphic design. Something that would satisfy your inner need for beauty, harmony and comfort. So what is graphic design in the interior, why do we need it and what is its role? Let’s look into it.

What is graphic design?

To begin with the fact that any artificial environment, whether external (street) or internal (interiors of offices, stores, apartments) is always meant to carry some kind of information to people. This environment around us is constantly relying on graphic design to form a common perception and memory of a certain place and, ultimately, to enliven and enrich our lives.

That is – graphic design, to put it simply, is what helps us feel more relaxed and confident, comfortable and cozy in the place and space, which is adapted to our psychology. It can be a store sign that caught our attention by its uniqueness, a graffiti painted wall at home, some recognizable advertising post on the wall in the office, or maybe just a graphic image of a cartoon character on the wall of the room. The main thing is that it should be aesthetically pleasing and eye-catching.

Graphic design in an interior is the introduction of a certain plane or three-dimensional image, design, decorative element or font that make up a single compositional system, designed to make the interior of a comfortable, beautiful and harmonious space.

Design + graphics = graphic design

We all want to see their homes furnished, beautiful and comfortable. And it is understandable. When everything is in harmony in the surrounding space and everything is, as they say, “at your fingertips”, then we have nothing to worry about, we feel calm and satisfied. Interior design is the creation (design) of a rational environment.

Graphics – the art of depicting objects. By combining design and graphics, you can create a harmonious and effective visual and communicative environment. A graphic designer is a storyteller who, with the help of magical methods (usually a graphic editor for interior design), subtle taste and skill, will create from an ordinary space the world of which you have dreamed.

The history of graphic design in the interior of public buildings

Today, many design firms around the world seamlessly combine both interior design and graphic design. That allows them to cooperate with the largest companies and brands of the world market, creating for them unique spaces in the stores, offices, hotels and restaurants. They thereby not only attract clients to the firm, but also adapt the brands to the tastes and demands of the public.

Designers understand that graphics add significance and recognition to spaces, and they try to make it unusual and individual by applying digital technology. Graphic design can be created either in two planes or in three dimensions. The goal is the aesthetics of the interior plus the convenience and ergonomics of the space.

What is graphic design in the interior of apartments

Graphic design can be applied in any of the interior styles – from minimalism and art deco to rococo. Today, in the era of information technology, there are many ways to use styles and decorate your home in whatever aspect you wish.

Classic Style.

Simplicity and symmetry of form characterize the classic style. A soft color scheme, landscape painting, strict geometric shapes, and a minimum of décor can all be styled in any culture. Graphic design in the classic is to add personality to a strict space.

Modern

New materials and forms, complex ornaments, ceramics, stained glass and wrought iron – the style of modern in its beauty and freedom of expression. In this style there is room to play fantasy.

Art Deco style

This style mixes a variety of cultures and arts: Indian, Egyptian, African, American … As a reference point – the interiors of luxury airliners and expensive luxury hotels. Zigzags, circles, solar disks, triangles are the main forms included in the elements of design and decor. In such an interior, you will immediately feel free of spatial boundaries.

Country style

If you are nostalgic for country life, then the interior, which is characterized by simplicity and comfort, that is, the country style, is for you. Simple cowboy motifs, natural and understated colors, simple wooden furniture and chintz curtains on the window – this is a style of peace and nostalgia.

All in all, graphic design are those small but sweet little things of life that we love, and without which we would feel “out of place” in our own home.

The fire safety system of an object is a complex and very capacious notion. It includes not only equipment of the object with technical means of fire prevention and fire fighting, but also a whole list of measures, the application of which allows to avoid consequences of the terrible disaster or to prevent it.

The filling of the fire safety system

The system is provided by three subsystems:

• fire prevention. Preventive measures include impregnation of structural elements with flame retardants, installation of barriers, use of finishing materials with special characteristics especially in rooms with a high fire risk factor;
• fire protection, which includes both automatic fire-extinguishing installations and elementary fire-fighting measures such as sand, bugles, buckets and spades. The most important element of this subsystem is timely and proper evacuation;
• administrative measures.

The main components of the fire safety system are:

• alarm and notification systems must be installed at all facilities where a fire may cause harm to health or life;
• evacuation;
• fire extinguishing.

The sequence of interaction of these components is extremely important. It should occur in this order, since the most important thing in any emergency or abnormal situation is the preservation of life and health of people.

The activation of the fire safety system is understood to mean the sequential execution of the following processes:

• The alarm is triggered when thermal or smoke fire detectors, which respond to exceeding the threshold value of the controlled factor. Signals from the detectors go to the control panel, which controls the start of other system components.
• The notification system is started: a fire siren informs of the need to evacuate, the evacuation routes are marked with illuminated signs along the entire route. Direct management of the evacuation is entrusted to the employees responsible for fire safety and the management of the facility.
• Ventilation is turned off, equipment is stopped.
• no elevators may be used during the evacuation, so they are moved to the first floor and blocked there with the doors open.
• only after that are the fire extinguishing systems turned on.

Only when the fire safety system is maintained in working order is it possible to minimize the consequences of a fire, as they say, “get out with little blood”. That is why it is so important to comply with the rules of checking the performance of systems, to conduct maintenance carefully, not “just for show”.

Organizational and technical measures to train personnel to use primary fire fighting means, instructions on the rules of conduct during evacuations and fires should also be conducted in fact, not on paper and should end with examinations. All the activities carried out should be recorded in special logs.

Purpose of the fire safety systems

The purpose of the fire safety system is to:

• to prevent the probability of fire outbreak;
• to provide safety of people;
• protection of material assets;
• rapid and complete suppression of fire, eliminating the causes of fire, creating conditions for the non-proliferation of fire.

The main purpose of the fire safety system is to solve problems and problems associated with fire suppression, safety and rescue of people. In the absence of extreme situations, they should keep the entrusted object under control, constantly be on duty and in a state of full readiness.

What are the elements that make up the fire safety system

Fire safety of an object includes the following elements:

• fire alarm system. It includes heat, smoke or other fire detectors, connection cables, a command center for processing the information received from the detectors;
• means of notification of people who are on the site;
• unobstructed evacuation, maintenance of the evacuation routes;
• sufficient quantity, quality and working condition of the primary fire extinguishing equipment;
• automatic fire-extinguishing systems;
• possibility of timely and maximally complete smoke evacuation;
• fire curtains.

Maintenance of fire alarm systems

Fire safety system of an object will only be effective and really help to avoid severe consequences of a fire if the following conditions are met:

• It is necessary to know the exact layout and number of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
• The number of fire-fighting means must provide effective fire suppression.
• All fire-fighting equipment, including automatic systems, must be kept in perfect technical condition.
• Extinguishing agent channels shall be known and maintained in good working order.
• There should be a constant supply of extinguishing agent that can operate the systems at maximum capacity for the estimated period of time required to suppress the fire.

The most important condition for maintaining the fire suppression system in good working order throughout the period of operation is the timely maintenance of the automatic systems.

It includes the following measures:

• monitoring the technical condition of all parts of the system through external inspection and instrumental monitoring;
• carrying out preventive and prophylactic measures in accordance with the regulations;
• timely elimination of effects of external factors on the system elements;
• identification and elimination of causes of false alarms;
• Carrying out examination of equipment to determine its suitability for further operation or the need for replacement.

Basic functions

Fire safety of an object is not only a competent technical solution, but a whole complex of legal, administrative, social and economic measures.

Ensuring fire safety is regulated by the Federal Law “On Fire Safety”.

The fire safety system of the facility primarily includes automatic fire extinguishing installations, alarms and notification devices.

The functions of automatic fire-extinguishing installations include:

• timely detection of sources of fire and smoke;
• generating a signal of an emergency situation on the basis of the readings of sensors and fire detectors;
• warning of people in the building about the danger and informing about the evacuation routes;
• actuation of fire-extinguishing devices;
• smoke protection.

To perform these functions, the automatic system shall be equipped with:

Fire extinguishing agent in the required quantity and of adequate quality to eliminate the fire. The amount of extinguishing agent shall be determined by calculation for each room;

A device for monitoring the operation of the unit to prevent abnormal operation;

duplicating devices for manual operation of installations not equipped with sprinklers, and not having thermal locks reacting to an excessive increase in temperature.

Requirements

The requirements for fire safety of the facility are governed by the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”.

Fire safety of the facility is technically ensured by alarm and warning systems and automatic fire extinguishing installations.

Installation of technical systems must be carried out in strict accordance with the approved project.

The moment of activation of the fire-extinguishing installations must be delayed until the complete evacuation of people from the object. This period is determined by calculation for each room of the facility. Evacuation routes and safe zones shall be equipped with smoke protection equipment.

The use of an extinguishing agent shall suppress rather than facilitate the spread of fire due to a spill or other dispersal of combustible substances and materials.

When substances of incomplete combustion are ignited, the possibility of subsequent ignition, which is possible by the confluence of adverse factors, shall be eliminated.

When designing the system at the facility, provision shall be made for ways to remove the extinguishing agent from the premises after the fire has been extinguished.

The fire alarm system shall form a light and sound signal to the dispatcher’s desk, eliminating the possibility of ignoring it.

Placement of smoke detectors, fire detectors and other necessary devices shall be in strict accordance with Code of Practice “Fire alarm systems and automation of fire protection systems. Standards and Design Rules”, so they can instantly react to exceed the threshold of any controlled fire factor. It is strictly prohibited to obstruct the area of detectors with foreign objects and structures.

A fire safety system should have a basic elements and functions, include required components and components functions. Basic elements should include an automatic fire detection and alarm system, a fire suppression system, and a means of communication between the fire safety systems. The purpose of a fire safety system is to protect people and property from fire. The system should be designed to meet the specific requirements of the building and the occupants.

Asbestos (mountain flax) can bring real horror to the occupants of a home where it is found . This extremely dangerous material has been linked to all kinds of health problems, including mesothelioma, lung cancer and chronic respiratory disease.

This is a really serious problem, especially for homes built before 1979, where there is a high probability of this substance hiding somewhere in the insulation.

Homeowners are often unaware that there is asbestos somewhere indoors. This substance can lurk in various building materials for a long time, and occupants may become aware of its existence after they have been exposed to it.

The cost of asbestos removal at home

There is no quick and cheap way to remove asbestos from your home. Only a professional asbestos abatement contractor trained in asbestos removal techniques and particle containment can accomplish this task.

At rest, asbestos fibers get into products and products and usually pose no health hazard. But when the material around them breaks down, the fibers end up in the air and can enter the lungs, decades later causing a disease such as mesothelioma.

Because asbestos exposure is a serious threat, homeowners should be aware of where the substance may be hiding and how contractors act when removing it to prevent the spread of fibers.

Where asbestos lurks

Asbestos is a term that describes six types of natural minerals: chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite. The substance was once popular for its strength, heat resistance, and insulating properties.

From the beginning of the industrial revolution in the early 1800s until it was banned in a number of products in 1978, asbestos was used to create many products, from refractory materials to gaskets and cigarette filters.

In older homes, asbestos-containing materials can still be hidden in the following places:

• insulation around pipes and boilers, in attics and between walls;
• insulation around hot water pipes;
• decorative-acoustic plaster;
• cement coatings and asbestos cement;
• textured ceilings;
• fire curtains and doors;
• caulk, putties and joints;
• adhesives, including floor tile products and tape on some brands;
• walls, siding, roofing materials and felt;
• vinyl floor tiles;
• other dusty products containing asbestos.

By 1978, many materials containing asbestos were banned. However, the substance did not fall under a total ban and is still used in the manufacture of such materials as:

• cement corrugated sheeting;
• roofing felt and coatings;
• some floor tiles;
• cement shingles.

Homeowners are usually convinced that this hazardous material is completely banned, and are therefore surprised to learn that asbestos can still lurk in their homes and threaten the health of their families. And finding out about its presence in materials is difficult because they have no such labeling requirements.

How to detect asbestos fibers in the home

The best way to find out if there is asbestos in the home is to hire a special inspector. During the job, inspectors collect samples for lab analysis, evaluate the asbestos material, and suggest appropriate action.

Asbestos abatement.

In order not just to remove asbestos, but also to prevent its fibers from spreading through the house, inspectors need to perform a number of actions:

• Insulate the material with a strong, airtight material to prevent damage.
• The asbestos material is sprayed with a sealant that temporarily traps the fibers.
• Small damaged areas, such as breaks in pipe insulation, are repaired.
• Inspectors completely cover the work area and clean it with a special asbestos vacuum cleaner. All air ducts and vents are insulated, and the material is filled with moisture to avoid particles getting into the air. When the work is complete, the asbestos is disposed of at a landfill designated for the hazardous substance.

What the homeowner can do

To reduce your body’s exposure to asbestos, the homeowner should follow a series of recommendations and prohibitions:

• you should minimize your activities and keep children away from areas with damaged asbestos-containing materials;
• Do not wipe, sweep, or pick up asbestos-containing materials;
• Do not make even minor repairs related to insulation;
• it is safer to replace the tiles than to try to remove asbestos from the flooring.

If there are concerns or problems related to asbestos, you should contact specialty organizations that will send a professional to your home. But by no means should you take action on your own.

Office interior design in the XXI century solves not only the problem of ergonomics, as it was a couple of decades ago. Competently thought-out office appearance shows customers the concept of the entire company. The interior should sell products before the potential customer sees them. A cozy and beautiful office makes job seekers want to work in that firm, which means the design solves the issue of hiring employees.

Global corporations often allow employees to work freelance hours. Including at night. And everything in the office should be arranged so that a person would feel comfortable to be in it as at home.

Taking care of employees’ health, large companies arrange gyms near their offices.

Ergonomics of the workplace is aimed at productivity and, consequently, at the development of the company as a whole. Thus, the office today solves many problems and the design project should take into account each of them.

The main differences in the design of office and living space

It is important for the designer to understand that working on a commercial project is different from the process of designing a house or apartment.

1. Office renovation has a clear deadline. Any delay means unnecessary costs. Therefore, the work of design is regulated and threatened by large fines in case of schedule violations. In the design of private homes, there are no such boundaries.
2. Work on the interior of a commercial facility begins most often without a contract. This is due to the peculiarities of the coordination of all processes related to the legal side of the issue. The contract is signed about a month after the customer has confirmed his agreement to work with the designer. In order not to lose time, the performer begins work on the basis of a letter of guarantee.
3. Unlike private clients, corporations have virtually no emotional component when making decisions.
4. Office design in general has a clear structure. Work on a commercial project is faster if it is broken down into tasks and parallelized processes.
5. When working on an office, the designer has fewer meetings with decision makers than with private clients. But he is obliged to get these meetings, not to solve serious questions through intermediaries.
6. If a designer makes mistakes in a commercial project, it will affect his reputation. For several years, he will not be able to participate in tenders.
7. For a residential project, money can be received more quickly. Companies can pay only 3 months after the project is delivered.
8. Commercial objects for the designer are more profitable than residential.
9. Realized office interiors are easier to place in the portfolio because they are not private.

Layout: defining zones

Developing an office plan, the designer takes into account the interests of the company executives, all employees and customers, whose reception will take place in this building. It is necessary to maintain the general style, but keep in mind the tasks that each zone solves.

Reception

Reception introduces clients, partners who come to negotiate, and potential employees to the company. Everyone who is unfamiliar with the company makes the first impression by this area. Therefore the design should evoke only positive emotions.

The interior of the reception reflects the corporate style. For the receptionist, a counter is set up that is convenient for the employee and guests. This is the main object and it is often made to order.

It is necessary to create a corner where guests will spend their waiting time in comfort. It is better not to use partitions designed for the working area, and replace them with live plants in tubs.

Conference room and meeting room

The meeting room differs from other office spaces with its strict design. Minimal decor – all the attention of visitors should be focused on the issues at hand. The area of the conference room is calculated on the maximum number of participants of large meetings.

The central object in the interior of the hall is a massive negotiation table. For safety reasons and from a psychological point of view, it is better to have a round table. This also applies to furniture for the meeting room. At a round table there are no dominant faces, everyone speaks as equals.

Office of the head

The interior should distinguish the head of the company, but it is important not to overdo it. It is unethical to put leather sofas for millions in the office and cover the floor with expensive carpets, when all the other rooms are equipped with chipboard furniture and sustained in a minimalistic style.

The design of the executive space should be quite austere. Business processes allow company heads to receive clients in their own office, but not at their desks. In this room, there should be a corner for receiving guests. Zones can be divided by mobile partitions, screens, furniture.

It is appropriate to hang award sheets on the walls, set aside a corner for the appropriate items.

Do not forget about personal space. Ideally, if the study provides an enclosed area for rest, where you can place more decor than in the rest of the room.

Recreation room, relaxation area, gym

Most often, employees of companies rest in the kitchen, where they can talk about personal matters over a cup of tea or lunch. Here the interior design should provide storage areas, installed appliances. A refrigerator, microwave, coffee maker, kettle are the necessary minimum. Tables, sofas and chairs are installed.

The main principle in the planning of areas: relaxation is both a change of place and a change of activity.

In the offices of large corporations, in addition to the kitchen is allocated space for relaxation areas and / or gyms. The relaxation room can only partially match the overall style of the office. The decoration, furniture, sound and light are all aimed at allowing the employee to forget about the work processes for a while and switch their minds to another direction.

A sports hall is equipped according to the area allocated for it. A running track is installed, a place for exercises with free weights is determined. Often a separate room is arranged for yoga classes. If such rooms are provided by the project, one should not forget about the rooms where employees can change their clothes and take a shower.

Working place

In the working areas all the principles of ergonomics are used: safety, functionality, aesthetics, health care.

Most often, offices are planned according to the principle of open space, but even with such an arrangement, each employee has the right to a personal area when no one disturbs anyone. Places are divided by mobile partitions with soundproofing. You can separate the desk of each employee or divide the room into microzones of 4-5 jobs. It should not be allowed to feel that the room is cramped.

Desks are organized so that the surface looks neat and there is no sense of clutter. The task is solved with the help of thought-out organizers on the desktop, drawers for storing personal belongings. It is important to understand what office equipment each employee needs and to consider its location.

The world factories that produce office furniture for several years offer a collection of mobile models and furniture-transformers. First of all, pay attention to desks, the height of which can be changed without taking away from the work process. The employee can change the position of the body, to work standing or sitting, which has a positive effect on health and improves performance.

Color in the interior of the commercial space

A neutral basic palette is often chosen for the office. But the interior in a solid pastel palette looks boring and leads to despondency. Accents can be placed with the help of corporate colors, and pay attention to the colorful decor. Intense shades of blue, lemon, turquoise and green enhance performance.

Strict interior design is well supported by the beige and chocolate palette. In such a range is easy to fit the furniture made of natural materials. Shades of gray is harmoniously diluted with orange, lilac or blue.

Take into account what side of the building the windows face. If on the north side, take as the basis of warm colors. For the south side it is better to take a cool palette.

What does it cost us to build a house? We’ll draw it, we’ll live… This little children’s poem by Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak briefly and succinctly describes the essence of the work of architects and designers. In construction, the spirit is primary. First the image or idea is always born, and then it takes material form. Before a house is built, you have to think of it and put the project on paper. This is a very responsible and not the easiest thing to do.

What is architectural design

The architect – the creator and the creator, he thinks through all the details of the future building, and then with the help of special programs transfers its ideas on the screen of the monitor. This is how an architectural design is made. It includes the development of drawings, plans, sketches and documentation for the construction.

One of the most important stages of the architectural design is to draw up plans. This is the basis on which the entire further process is based. First developed architectural plan, and then according to him – a building plan.

What is an architectural design

Architectural plan – the basis of the entire project. It should be presented technical characteristics of the building, its main parameters and dimensions. This is a document that should be prepared taking into account the requirements for both content and design.

Stages of the project

The development of the architectural plan of the house consists of the following stages:

• Determination of the purpose of the future structure, that is, it is necessary to determine what qualities the object will have;
• Design the appearance of the building, its facades;
• the choice of communications system;
• the development of interior decoration, decoration.

It is also important to pay attention to landscape design. The future building should blend in with the environment, but not to enter with it in dissonance.

How to understand the architectural plan

In fact, you don’t have to be a builder or architect to understand the blueprint.

Architectural design is drawn up in accordance with established norms and rules: USCD (unified system for design documentation) and SPDS (system of design documentation for construction). It is a complete document, so it has a clear structure:

• The first page is the title page. It indicates the name of the project, the developer, the date, the address of the future facility. Here everything is simple and clear.
• Catalog of the plan. This is a kind of content of the entire work, which specifies the number of pages of the project (sometimes their name), the scale, the transcription of abbreviations.
• Location plan of the future facility, that is simply a map of the area, which shows the neighboring cities and adjacent highways.
• Site layout. These are the results of the topographic survey, marking the buildings to be demolished, and communication systems.

Architectural plans: what they include

Architectural sheets are numbered in order (A001, A002 and so on). They describe the measurements of the floor plans, wall dimensions, sections and so on. To understand what is written in the architectural sheets, you will first need to understand the building plan:

• Floor plans of the building. To get this image, you have to mentally cut through the building. Everything that falls into the sectioning plane will be represented on the drawing. Therefore, floor plans allow you to determine the location of window and door openings, stairs, partitions, and solid walls. Also, the dimensions of these elements are usually indicated on the drawings.
• Level plans. They indicate the height and types of ceilings. But such a plan is not always included in the projects.
• Roof plan. Allows you to read the location of the elements of the roof.
• Finishing plan. It describes the materials that will be used for interior work.
• List of window and door openings. This specifies the number of doors and windows, their sizes, materials and other.
• Facade of the building. This is a picture of the external walls of the house, a description of the materials from which they are made.

This is a basic, but not all types of architectural plans.

It is still possible for non-professionals to understand the ready-made drawings. But to develop such an architectural and construction plan is unlikely to succeed. Therefore, it is better to apply to design engineers, people with a specialized education. Architectural Bureau will provide a plan of the building to any client. This document is necessary both at the construction stage and for any real estate transactions.

Architectural plan of the city

Traffic jams in the city are the result of the short-sightedness of architects and urban planners. In order to avoid such problems and to achieve the unity of the transport system, the competent arrangement of houses, sidewalks and streets, a master plan of the city is needed. It is much more pleasant to walk around the village, where the houses are located in a certain sequence, everything is beautiful and in order.

There is even a concept of “architectural and spatial composition of the city. Its essence is that the houses and streets in the settlement must be a whole.

The architectural plan of the city includes the street and road network, traffic arteries, the approximate location of buildings, parks, public gardens, boulevards and so on. Designers must anticipate and prevent mass gatherings of people in one part of a settlement and excessive congestion on the highways.

The creation of architectural plans is not an easy activity, but it is interesting. A large number of people take part in the development of projects, all making some contribution to the common cause, giving a piece of their soul. At the origins of both a simple little cottage and the famous Burj Khalifa tower are planners – people who invent the world around us. It’s such an amazing job to “paint” houses.

The effective work of any organization requires a clear definition of goals and objectives of activity. On the basis of these, a program is drawn up, which helps the company to follow the planned path and rationally use resources. Plans can be long-term and current, for the entire organization and for its structural divisions. To understand this topic, it is worth understanding what the term “planning” means.

This is a certain type of activity, which is associated with the setting of goals, objectives, which will be implemented by certain actions in the future. It is also possible to refer this concept to one of the most important functions of management. But the performance of this function is impossible without defining the main levels of planning.

The stages of the characteristic of planning

A total of four levels, on which this concept is based, can be distinguished:

• Setting the main goals and objectives.
• Drawing up a program for accomplishing the goals set, as well as defining the levels of planning processes.
• Identification of all necessary resources and their sources, which will be necessary in the process of achieving the goal or task.
• Assigning performers and communicating plans to them.

These are the levels of planning that exist. The primary function is the formulation and adoption of a specific ordinance that is intended for whoever is the subject of management and will be given a specific task or goal. It is called this decree (whether verbal or written) – a management decision.

Planning can be defined as one of the methods by which management can direct the efforts of the entire team to achieve common goals. It is with this function that any management process begins, and the end result of the work depends on the quality of the tasks.

Planning tasks

The essence of this management function is to provide answers to the paramount questions without which it is impossible to move forward:

• Where are we now? In answering this question, all the strengths and weaknesses of the organization in the main areas of its functioning should be evaluated. This is primarily the financial side, marketing, and personnel. After analyzing these areas you can already talk about what prospects the organization has.
• What do we need to achieve? At this stage it is necessary to assess the capabilities of the organization, to determine the levels of planning management, as well as the weaknesses. Based on these, we should determine the main goals for the given period of time, and what could be a threat that would prevent their achievement.
• How will we achieve the intended results? This step determines the list and algorithm of actions by which the members of the organization will implement the goals.

Only by answering these questions can a clear planning system be built.

The problem of implementation

Practice shows that many managers, on whose shoulders the function of systematic planning is entrusted, are reluctant to do it. It’s all about the tendency to act rather than sit in one place and analyze. Many people think that planning is boring and tedious, so they may not develop any strategies, but proceed immediately to direct action.

Another problem faced by those who have to deal with the improvement of management systems, whether entrepreneurs or managers, is the issue of inconsistency between the company development program and the mechanism of its implementation. This is called the strategic gap. A considerable amount of research is devoted to solving this problem, so there are specific methods that can bridge the gap. For example, you can refer to the book by M. Coveney entitled “The Strategic Gap: Technologies for Bringing Corporate Strategy to Life”.

The author in his work describes a multi-step process, which is just aimed at the implementation of the organization development program by integrating the best practices of business management with the latest information technology. The main task is to create a mechanism that connects strategic performance indicators of its activities through a system of cause-and-effect relationships with initiatives and specific actions aimed at implementing this program.

The support of global planning by information technology is growing as well. The number of software products is growing daily. New systems of both domestic developers and localized foreign applications are constantly appearing.

What is the role of planning in management?

The task of the organization in this process is to determine its actions for a certain period of time, as well as to consider their nature and sequence. Experts note that management and planning work in close connection with each other. The effective work of one is impossible without the other. The main function of management is to achieve set goals, which, in turn, are determined by planning.

This process must be constantly monitored, in order to ensure maximum efficiency. If you summarize, the planning is intended in order to precisely formulate the main goals and objectives of any organization, enterprise and so on. And also to distribute them between departments and performers and define a clear sequence of activities to address them.

What levels of planning system are there?

In any organization, the program of goals has a certain number of mandatory levels. There are a total of three. These are strategic, operational and business planning. Let’s look at each of the levels in more detail, because they are the basis for the successful achievement of goals.

Strategic 

What can be the level of strategic planning? It is the initial stage during which the long-term goals to which the organization will aspire are defined. In order to set them correctly, you must first identify the mission of the company. Exactly in the process of defining it the most important questions are touched, because it is necessary to understand the sense of existence of the organization, its necessity and benefit for the society. Strategic goals just define what needs to be achieved globally and how it can be done.

The program does not touch the details, but reveals only the general method of achieving the desired result. The set of strategies is oriented to the dynamic nature of the processes that occur in society. Usually one of the paths is basic, but the others are implemented only in certain situations. The main task of a strategy is to give direction and point to the boundaries of the implementation of the main activity of a certain business planning, and we can also talk about creating the basis for the daily task setting.

Business level

Let’s move on to the second level. The task of this level of planning is to link the activities aimed at achieving certain results to the resources received. The first thing worth mentioning is the competent allocation of finances. In parallel, a plan for the use of human, informational, intellectual resources must be evaluated and created. At this stage you can already see if it is possible to achieve the intended result. Also in the process of realization of the program, the general ideas are transformed into clear indicators.

Operational level of planning

We move on to the third stage, in which a generalized vision of goals and prospects passes to the stage of daily tasks. The basis of operational planning is to specify actions, procedures, deadlines, real costs. The difference of this level from others is that the program indicators are measurable and easier to control and manage.

Here the human factor plays a great role. At this stage there is an active analysis of the work done and adjustment of plans. Only the comparison of the operational program, the analysis of its implementation gives a correct picture of the implementation of the organization management.

Space planning is one of the most important aspects of interior design. It is the process of arranging the interior spaces of a building or room to best accommodate the needs of the people who will be using it. Good space planning can make a small room feel bigger, and a large room feel more comfortable.

When planning the interior spaces of a building, the first step is to identify the purpose of the space. What will it be used for? This will help determine the best layout and furniture placement for the space. Once the purpose of the space is identified, the designer can begin to plan the layout and determine the size and shape of the space.

The designer also needs to consider the needs of the people who will be using the space. How much space do they need to work or live in? How much storage space do they need? How much space do they need for seating or sleeping? These are all important factors to consider when planning the layout of a space.

The designer also needs to take into account the flow of traffic through the space. They need to make sure that people will be able to move through the space easily and that there is enough space for them to do what they need to do.

Once the space has been planned, the designer can begin to select furniture and accessories for the space. The furniture and accessories should be chosen to fit the purpose of the space and the needs of the people who will be using it.

Space planning is an important part of interior design, and it is essential to make sure that the spaces are planned correctly to meet the needs of the people who will be using them.

What is space planning in interior design?

Space planning is the process of organizing the interior space of a building or room to meet the needs of the people who will use it. It is an important part of interior design, and can be one of the most challenging aspects of the profession.

Good space planning takes into account the needs of the people who will be using the space, as well as the limitations of the space itself. It involves creating a layout that is both functional and attractive, while also taking into account the budget and other constraints.

One of the most important things to consider when planning an interior space is the purpose of the room. What will people be using it for? What activities will take place there? Once you have a good idea of the purpose of the room, you can start to plan the layout.

The layout of a room should be designed to maximize functionality and comfort. The furniture and other objects in the room should be placed in a way that allows people to move around easily, and that makes the most of the space.

In addition to the layout of the room, space planning also involves the selection of furniture, fixtures, and other objects. The type and amount of furniture that is selected will be based on the size and shape of the room, as well as the purpose of the room.

When selecting furniture, it is important to consider the style of the room. The furniture should be in keeping with the overall style of the space, and should be complementary to the other objects in the room.

Space planning is an important part of interior design, and it can be a challenging but rewarding profession. By understanding the basics of space planning, you can create interiors that are both functional and attractive.

Purpose and Objectives of Space Planning

Space planning is the process of organizing the space within a building or area to best meet the needs of the people who will be using it. The purpose of space planning is to create a functional and visually pleasing environment that meets the specific needs of the people who will be using it. The objectives of space planning include maximizing the use of available space, creating an efficient layout that allows for easy movement and access to everything, and ensuring that the space is visually appealing.

Space planning is particularly important in commercial settings, where the layout of the space can have a direct impact on the bottom line. The right layout can help to increase worker productivity and improve customer traffic. In residential settings, space planning is essential for ensuring that the home is functional and meets the needs of the family.

There are a number of factors that need to be considered when planning space, including the purpose of the space, the number of people who will be using it, the type of activities that will take place, the layout of the building or area, and the available resources. The space planner must take all of these factors into account and create a layout that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

Space planning is a complex process that requires a lot of thought and planning. The end result should be a space that is both efficient and pleasing to the eye.

The 5 Stages of Space Planning in Interior Design

Space planning is the process of arranging the furniture and other elements in a room to create an effective and visually appealing layout. There are five stages of space planning in interior design: 

1. Conceptualization

In the conceptualization stage, the designer begins to think about the overall look and feel of the space. They consider the function of the room and the type of activities that will take place there. They also think about the client’s needs and wants, and how best to accommodate them.

2. Planning

In the planning stage, the designer creates a preliminary plan for the space. This plan includes the location of the furniture and other elements, as well as the dimensions of the room.

3. Detailed Design

In the detailed design stage, the designer fine-tunes the plan for the space. They decide on the specific placement of the furniture and other elements, and they may also choose specific fabrics and finishes.

4. Execution

In the execution stage, the designer works with the client to bring the plan for the space to life. They may install the furniture and other elements themselves, or they may work with a contractor to do so.

5. Evaluation

In the evaluation stage, the designer assesses how well the space is working. They make any necessary adjustments to the plan and ensure that the space meets the client’s needs and expectations.

Basic space planning tips

1. Measure your space. This is the first step in space planning. You need to know the dimensions of the room in order to figure out how much space you have to work with.
2. Figure out your needs. What do you need the space for? What activities will take place in the room? How much space do you need for each activity?
3. Plan for traffic flow. You need to consider how people will move through the space. You don’t want to create a traffic jam in the room.
4. Think about furniture placement. You want to place the furniture in the room so that it’s functional and looks good.
5. Consider the flow of natural light. You want to place the furniture so that it takes advantage of the natural light.
6. Use colour and accessories to make the space feel bigger. You can use light colours to make the room feel bigger. You can also use accessories to help make the space feel functional.

The effectiveness of space planning in interior design

The effectiveness of space planning in interior design cannot be underestimated. Good space planning can make or break the success of a project. It is essential to create an efficient and functional space that meets the needs of the client.

While there are many factors to consider when planning space, the following are some of the most important:

• Function: The first and most important consideration is function. The space needs to be designed to meet the specific needs of the client. Everything from the layout to the furnishings should be planned with function in mind.
• Flow: The layout of the space should be designed to encourage movement and flow. The space should be easy to navigate and use.
• Size: The size of the space must be considered when planning the layout. The space must be functional yet comfortable.
• Lighting: Proper lighting is essential in any space. inadequate lighting can make a space feel cramped and uninviting.
• Aesthetics: While function is certainly the most important consideration, aesthetics are also important. The space should be visually appealing and in line with the client’s taste.

Space planning is a complex process, but it is essential for creating a successful interior design project. By considering the needs of the client and the specific constraints of the space, a good space planner can create a functional and beautiful space that the client will love.

Everyone knows that simply changing the color scheme of the walls completely changes the emotional perception of the room. But many people do not take the possibility of changing the shape of the space itself seriously. There are rooms whose problem areas are obvious. A narrow long room with a high ceiling looks out of proportion.

A suspended ceiling with recessed lights can be a solution to this problem. Adjoining bathroom and toilet room can be logically combined into one room. However, not everyone decides to apply this principle to an ordinary space that has no obvious imbalance in size or proportions. From the rethinking of space can be quite profitable in its use.

The fashion for dividing space appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. Plastic and metal shelving without a back wall and placed in the middle of the room were used for this purpose. The development of technology has gone further, but the principle is still used in interior design. For a similar effect, the choice of materials is now wider – fabric panels, glass blocks, chrome shelving, and folding bamboo screens.

Ways to reshape spaces

Simple rectangular spaces can be visually enlarged by placing a pair of screens on the walls that reflect each other throughout the room. They don’t have to be made large or pushed far away from the wall. Just their presence is enough to create a space-altering illusion. If the height of the ceilings in the room allows, you can design a pseudo-story near one wall of the room to rest or sleep. This method is often used to increase living space in small studio apartments or one-room apartments.

Suspended ceilings can also play up the room. First of all, they can be multilevel, visually separating zones of one large room. This same problem can be solved by changing the floor level. The area of the large dining room, combined with the living room, can be highlighted and made cozy by raising the floor level of the dining room. This also provides an opportunity to use the newly created space under the floor for storage.

Mirrors and glass also have a space-expanding effect on interiors. Plain plain mirrors without any decoration create an unobtrusive sense of doubling the space simply by being present in the interior. Frosted glass panels, glass blocks and mosaic glass help increase the flow of light and create a sense of airiness in homes. Today, glass craftsmen can create everything from glass staircases to glass tables and fireplaces. And these products are just as durable as traditional materials.

To visually expand the space, you can use the neighborhood with a garden, which the windows of the room overlook. Visually unite the space of the room and the garden outside the window can be installed by French or sliding doors. You can use in the design of the floor of the room the same material as in the garden, such as sandstone, terracotta tiles or slate. The same effect gives the use of balcony boxes located on the window sills of the room. Flowers and greenery planted in them, among other things, can play the role of color accents in the interior.

12 reasons why you need interior space planning

Interior space planning is the process of designing the interior space of a room or building. It is the process of creating functional and aesthetic spaces that meet the needs of the people who will use the space. Good interior space planning can make a small room feel larger and a large room feel more comfortable.

There are many reasons why you might need interior space planning. Maybe you are remodeling your home and need to create a new layout for your kitchen or bedroom. Maybe you are starting a new business and need to create a workspace that is both functional and attractive. Or maybe you are just moving into a new home and need to create a layout that works for your needs.

No matter what your reason is, there are a few things to keep in mind when creating an interior space plan. The first thing to consider is the purpose of the space. What will you be using the space for? Once you know its purpose, you can start to think about the dimensions of the space and how best to use it. You will also need to consider the traffic flow in the space and how people will move through it.

You will also need to think about the furnishings and accessories that will go into the space. Will the space need a desk, a bed, or a table? What kind of lighting will be needed? What kind of colors and textures should be used?

1. Interior space planning can help you make the most of your available space.
2. Interior space planning can help create a more functional and organized space.
3. Interior space planning can help you to use your space more efficiently.
4. Interior space planning can help to improve the flow of traffic through your space.
5. Interior space planning can help to improve your productivity.
6. Interior space planning can help to improve your comfort level in your space.
7. Interior space planning can help to improve your quality of life.
8. Interior space planning can help to improve your overall mood.
9. Interior space planning can help to reduce stress in your life.
10. Interior space planning can help to improve the appearance of your space.
11. Interior space planning can help to improve your home’s resale value.
12. Interior space planning is a great way to customize your home to fit your unique needs and lifestyle.

How interior designers create an interior space plan

Creating an interior space plan is one of the most important steps in designing an interior space. This is the step where the designer creates a blueprint of the space, including the layout of the furniture and the placement of the walls.

The first step in creating a space plan is to measure the dimensions of the space. This includes measuring the length and width of the room, as well as the height of the ceilings. Once the dimensions are known, the designer can start to sketch out a basic layout of the room.

Next, the designer will start to place the furniture in the room. They will consider the size and shape of the furniture, as well as how much space is needed for each piece. The designer will also need to take into account the flow of traffic in the room and the view from each window.

After the furniture is placed, the designer will start to place the walls. They will need to consider the shape and size of the room, as well as where the windows and doors are located. In some cases, the designer may need to remove a wall or add a wall to create the desired layout.

Once the space plan is finalized, the designer will create a final rendering of the room. This will show the layout of the furniture, the placement of the walls, and the color scheme. This rendering can be used to help visualize the finished space and to make any final adjustments.

Architectural concept otherwise known as conceptual design. Its development is the starting point in the implementation of any architectural projects. The pre-project concept greatly simplifies further construction work. The thing is that the draft shows the approximate appearance of the planned facility, represents its architectural features more clearly, determines the most complex points in the implementation of tasks, as well as gives an understanding of the forthcoming scope of work. 

Features of concept development

At the moment, in the town planning code there are no officially established concepts on pre-project development of sketches. But despite this, without such an important step, it is impossible to adequately assess the potential of the area selected for development, as well as to seamlessly combine the creative ideas of the architect with the desires of the client and town planning regulations.

Although the architectural and design design engineering has no formal requirements, there are a number of unspoken rules for the work. The final result should most clearly reflect the appearance of the future building, to be expressive, easy to perceive by sight, as well as appropriate current regulatory requirements.

Stroyproekt specialists develop concepts based on the chosen style of architectural performance, functional purpose and characteristics of the land allocated for construction. The work is carried out in such a way that the future sketch fully reflected its investment attractiveness. The concept becomes a reliable basis for the further creation of design solutions, and is used to obtain the IRD to conduct engineering and survey procedures. 

The composition of the architectural concept

In the development of architectural solutions professionals are guided by a number of following factors:

• The already formed space of the area, as well as the way of life of the citizens.
• Environmental features of the place allocated for development.
• Convenience of the location of roads for both motorists and pedestrians.
• Aesthetic features of the formed space, as well as its compliance with the existing objects of the surrounding development.

On the basis of the data obtained, several sections of the conceptual design are created, each of which includes certain materials required for further work. All information in the concept has a high value, so deal with it in detail. So, the main sections are:

• Explanatory note. This includes text descriptions of the concept, key decisions on the implementation of the project, an assessment of urban planning regimes, as well as the TEP.
• Graphics. Materials are represented by the image of facades, floor plans, sections, future passage through the main streets, and so on.
• Appendices. As a rule, as a supplement to the documentation is a three-dimensional model which helps to visualize the appearance of the building in its current environment.

More about the note

The text describes the main characteristics of the object of development and its functional purpose. Also attention is paid to consideration of the technical and economic parameters of the building. In the note it is necessary to specify the calculations of the preliminary examinations to assess the effectiveness of the adopted design solutions. As a result, all parties to the construction receive preliminary data on the final costs (both financial and labor).

More about graphic materials

Despite the availability of the site allocated for construction, the building cannot be erected on it arbitrarily. The layout of the structure is created with a number of requirements in mind:

• Availability of adjacent structures;
• Current fire safety requirements;
• Sanitary standards;
• The presence of environmental zones, as well as the required environmental protection measures.

During the development of sketches and models specialists need to be guided not only by the visual appeal of the object. It is necessary to take into account the location of the structure relative to the sides of the world, to coordinate the design with the peculiarities of the site landscape, to provide the location of existing communications, as well as transport interchanges (for pedestrians and drivers). Only with a comprehensive approach, the overall installation of the development will be correct. 

In addition to the central element of the construction, graphic materials should display adjacent buildings, elements of natural landscaping, as well as access routes to the structure. This is done in order to increase visibility.

After choosing the option of locating the building, the designer should begin to work through the volume planning solutions. Determined by the stylistics of the external appearance of the building, selected approximate types of materials needed to implement the facility. Then the location of doors and windows are thought about. If the building is residential, then in addition developed options for placement of terraces or balconies. Also the architectural direction affects the interior design solutions. 

The final stage in the creation of graphics is the display of load-bearing walls, windows, ceilings and partitions, stairwells. The layout of the various rooms, as well as the way the communications and additional equipment are laid out. 

Read more about the appendix

After the comprehensive work, the overall view of the building is formed in the context of the current landscape and existing natural elements. To ensure that the sketch is not restricted to 2D only, a full-scale three-dimensional model is created. The task of specialists in this case is to develop an almost complete and photographically accurate copy of the building that will appear on the current plot of development after the construction work is completed.

Possible problems and difficulties

Creation of the concept is a stage of pre-project preparation, so constant negotiations with the customer can lead to a lot of corrections and changes. Once all wishes are taken into account, the desired conceptual design will serve as the basis for the construction work. Professionals often create several concepts at once, giving their client a choice. Options may include minor changes, or become the complete opposite of each other. 

Also, the creation of a sketch can complicate the possible restrictions on the site, as well as certain requirements from the higher authorities of the city. If the selected area has some features of the relief and climate, experts have to take into account them in the implementation of architectural ideas. If there are infrastructure facilities already on the site, the concept of the building is necessarily created with them in mind.

To avoid the above problems, the work should be entrusted to a proven company that will act based on your specific requirements. You can assess the reliability of the chosen organization by reviews, business reputation, as well as the period of its presence on the market of construction services.

The creation of a quality conceptual design is always given a large amount of time, because the quality of the future construction directly depends on it. Such work should be entrusted only to professionals who are already experienced in developing architectural concepts. Correctly developed conceptual design helps to reduce the number of possible inconsistencies with the project. 

Development of a conceptual proposal should be coordinated by each section. Only in this way can you make sure that the object will be fully compliant with current regulatory requirements. If fundamental changes in the sketch will occur after the agreement, it will take a lot of time to redo existing documentation. Under tight deadlines, such situations are inadmissible.

The company Stroyproekt for many years engaged in the creation of various architectural concepts of objects, regardless of their functional purpose. Turning to us for help, you get a full package of documents and drawings, sketches, as well as photorealistic renderings of the future object of construction. No more “cats in a poke”, because our specialists work for the result.